While historical determinism was a widely accepted concept in middle Judaism, what is distinctive in the sectarian documents of Qumran are the implications of cosmic dualism on the individual level.19 God “created the human [Heb. ʾnwš] to rule the world and placed [yśm] within him two spirits so that he would walk with them until the appointed time [mwʿd] of his visitation: they are the spirits of truth and deceit.… In these [two spirits] are the natures of all the sons of man, and in their (two)
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